ABSTRACT
Background: A protocol for the micropropagation of the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar 'Monastrell' was developed. Initial plant material was obtained from the sanitary selection of grapevine plants performed by real-time RT-PCR to confirm the absence of Grapevine fanleaf virus, Arabis mosaic virus, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, and Grapevine fleck virus. Results: The effects of the salt composition (comparing Lloyd and McCown woody plant medium and Murashige and Skoog medium 1/2 macronutrients) and the growth regulator benzylaminopurine (BAP), at 0 and 8.9 µM, on plant propagation were evaluated using nodes as explants. The most efficient procedure consisted of bud induction in the medium with Lloyd and McCown woody plant salts and 8.9 µM BAP for 30 d along with elongation in cytokinin-free medium for 60 d, which gave 22 nodes/explant (174 plants/initial plant). A second cycle of propagation in a medium without BAP for another 60 d could give approximately 10,000 nodes, which can be obtained after an additional 2 months of culture. All plants acclimatized after the second cycle of multiplication were successfully transferred to soil. Conclusion: We developed an optimal protocol for V. vinifera cv. 'Monastrell' micropropagation, the first described for this cultivar.
Subject(s)
Vitis/growth & development , Purines/metabolism , Benzyl Compounds/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Sodium Chloride/metabolism , Vitis/virology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , AcclimatizationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To explore the metabolic characteristics of lethal bradycardia induced by myocardial ischemia in rat's serum.@*METHODS@#A rat myocardial ischemia-bradycardia-sudden cardiac death （MI-B-SCD） model was established, which was compared with the sham-operation group. The metabolic profile of postmortem serum was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, coupled with the analysis of serum metabolic characteristics using metabolomics strategies.@*RESULTS@#The serum metabolic profiles were significantly different between the MI-B-SCD rats and the control rats. Compared to the control rats, the MI-B-SCD rats had significantly higher levels of lysine, ornithine, purine, serine, alanine, urea and lactic acid; and significantly lower levels of succinate, hexadecanoic acid, 2-ketoadipic acid, glyceraldehyde, hexendioic acid and octanedioic acid in the serum. There were some correlations among different metabolites.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There is obvious metabolic alterations in the serum of MI-B-SCD rat. Both lysine and purine have a high value in diagnosing MI-B-SCD. The results are expected to provide references for forensic and clinical applications of prevention and control of sudden cardiac death.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Bradycardia/pathology , Coronary Artery Disease , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Disease Models, Animal , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods , Lysine/metabolism , Metabolomics/methods , Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism , Purines/metabolismABSTRACT
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) deficiency is an X-linked defect of purine metabolism. Clinical manifestations are usually related to the degree of enzyme deficiency; complete HPRT deficiency (Lesh-Nyhan Syndrome) presenting with severe neurological or renal symptoms, or partial HPRT deficiency (Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome) manifesting as a gout-urolithiasis syndrome. We report a case of partial HPRT deficiency presenting as chronic tophaceous gout, mental retardation, nephrolithiasis and family history suggestive of X-linked inheritance, for its rarity.
Subject(s)
Adult , Arthritis, Gouty/diagnosis , Binding Sites , Erythrocytes/enzymology , Humans , Hyperuricemia/enzymology , Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/deficiency , Lymphocytes/enzymology , Male , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis , Mutation , Purines/metabolism , SyndromeABSTRACT
Annotation of the transcriptome of the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis has set the grounds for a global understanding of its metabolism in both mycelium and yeast forms. This fungus is able to use the main carbohydrate sources, including starch, and it can store reduced carbons in the form of glycogen and trehalose; these provide energy reserves that are relevant for metabolic adaptation, protection against stress and infectivity mechanisms. The glyoxylate cycle, which is also involved in pathogenicity, is present in this fungus. Classical pathways of lipid biosynthesis and degradation, including those of ketone body and sterol production, are well represented in the database of P. brasiliensis. It is able to synthesize de novo all nucleotides and amino acids, with the sole exception of asparagine, which was confirmed by the fungus growth in minimal medium. Sulfur metabolism, as well as the accessory synthetic pathways of vitamins and co-factors, are likely to exist in this fungus.
Subject(s)
Expressed Sequence Tags/metabolism , Paracoccidioides/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal , Transcription, Genetic , Amino Acids/metabolism , Sulfur/metabolism , Phosphorylation , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Paracoccidioides/genetics , Pyrimidines/metabolism , Purines/metabolism , Fatty Acids/metabolismABSTRACT
An antiviral protein (25 kD) isolated from leaves of Celosia cristata (CCP 25) was tested for depurination study on ribosomal RNA from yeast. Ribosomal RNA yielded 360 nucleotide base fragment after treatment with CCP 25 indicating that CCP 25 was a ribosome inactivating protein. CCP 25 also inhibited translation of brome mosaic virus (BMV) and pokeweed mosaic virus (PMV) RNAs in rabbit reticulocyte translation system. The radioactive assay showed that incorporation of [35S]-methionine was less in translation proteins of BMV nucleic acid when CCP 25 was added to translation system. This indicated that antiviral protein from Celosia cristata not only depurinated ribosomal RNA but also inhibited translation of viral RNA in vitro.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/physiology , Celosia/metabolism , Mosaic Viruses/genetics , Protein Biosynthesis/physiology , Purines/metabolism , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , RNA, Viral/geneticsABSTRACT
En la actualidad se acepta que la enfermedad de Chagas humana debe ser tratada en cualquier período de su evolución con la única excepción del período crónico terminal. En el período agudo clínico, infección de menos de 2 meses así como en el biológico: pesquisa de parásitos al fresco, frotis, gota gruesa y con serología convencional positiva e IgM(+). El ideal de tratamiento es con nifurtimox (NF) 8-10 mg/kg día en adultos y 15 mg/kg día en niños por 60-90 días. La dosis se reparte en tres tomas. La curación clínica y serológica es de un 60 por ciento. En Brasil donde se utiliza este fármaco se trata con benznidazol (BNZ) 5 mg/kg día (adultos) y 5-10 mg/kg día en niños por 60 días. En las infecciones congénitas la terapia debe ser precoz en cuanto se realice el diagnóstico por clínica y pesquisa del parásito al fresco, frotis, microstraut etc. Muchas veces el diagnóstico se efectúa por persistenica de la serología por más de 6 meses y el recién nacido ya esta en etapa crónica de la infección. Es necesario efectuar seguimiento clínico serológico y parasitológico de los casos. Las infecciones accidentales deben ser tratadas por 10 días. En los trasplantes de órganos en que el receptor o dador es chagásico se debe indicar terapia con NF o BNZ a igual dosis y tiempo que la señalada anteriormente. Las reactivaciones en los casos crónicos ejem: que adquieren un SIDA o que presentan depresiones del sistema inmunidad celular como leucemias, Hodgkin, etc se deben tratar como cuadros agudos con NF ó NBZ por períodos prolongados de 5 ó más meses. En estos casos obviamente la prevención es lo ideal: hacer serología para Chagas a los pacientes con SIDA, etc
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Acute Disease , Allopurinol/administration & dosage , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/transmission , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Electron Transport , Ergosterol/chemical synthesis , Itraconazole/administration & dosage , Nifurtimox/administration & dosage , Nifurtimox/adverse effects , Purines/metabolismABSTRACT
La presente revisión tuvo como objetivo recopilar y presentar información actualizada sobre la técnica de los derivados de purina en rumiantes domésticos. La técnica de los derivados de purina representa una alternativa simple y no invasiva para el estudio del aporte de N microbial a nivel intestino delgado en animales rumiantes. Existe información y modelos cuantitativos de respuesta para bovinos y ovinos que permiten el uso de esta técnica, y numerosos métodos analíticos publicados para el análisis de los derivados de purina. El método de los derivados de purina tiene la ventaja de no requerir animales quirúrgicamente preparados, pero tiene la desventaja de requerir colecta total de orina. El uso de submuestras de orina colectada a lo largo del día(s) junto con el índice `derivados de purina:creatinina' puede ser una alternativa a la colección total de orina, pero se necesita más información sobre este punto. La medición de los derivados purínicos en leche no parece ser una alternativa viable a la colección total de orina. Deben de validarse algunos de los parámetros en uso para el cálculo del flujo de nitrógeno microbial al intestino como son; la recuperación de purinas microbiales absorbidas como derivados purínicos en orina y la digestibilidad de la purina en intestino delgado en animales bajo condiciones de alimentación normal. No obstante, comparada con otras téncicas convencionales, la medición de los derivados de purina en orina representa una herramienta simple para profundizar en el estudio y entendimiento de la dinámica ruminal
Subject(s)
Animals , Allantoin , Stomach, Ruminant/metabolism , Nitrogen , Purines/biosynthesis , Purines/metabolism , Purines/urineSubject(s)
Humans , Inflammation Mediators/pharmacology , Multiple Organ Failure/physiopathology , Nitric Oxide/pharmacology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/physiopathology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology , Arachidonic Acid/metabolism , Eicosanoids/pharmacology , Reactive Oxygen Species , Platelet Activating Factor/pharmacology , Interleukin-10/pharmacology , Interleukin-1/pharmacology , Interleukin-6/pharmacology , Interleukin-8/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide , Purines/metabolism , Reperfusion InjuryABSTRACT
Background: five percent of consultations at the emergency room of Catholic University Hospital are due to nephrolithiasis. The causes of this high frequency remain unknown. Aim: to know the main metabolic and anatomic factors involved in the genesis of nephrolithiasis. Patients and methods: 41 patients (31 male) were studied presenting with a renal colic were studied as soon as the acute episode subsided and without diet modifications. Fasting blood calcium and creatinine and 24 h urine calcium, uric acid, citrate, magnesium and pH were measured and an intravenous pyelogram was performed. 21 subjects without a history of nephrolithiasis were used as controls. Results: Patients with nephrolithiasis did not differ from controls in urinary calcium (159 ñ 67 and 172 ñ 67 mg/24 h respectively), uricosuria (417 ñ 171 and 431 ñ 121 mg/24 h respectively) or urinary magnesium (55 ñ 19 and 62 ñ 21 mg/24 h respectively, whereas urinary citrate was lower (219 ñ 172 vs 319 ñ 179 mg/24 h in controls p <0.05). All patients had a normal renal functions, urinary acidification and intravenous pyelogram. Seven percent of patients with nephrolithiasis had hypercalciuria, 2.4 percent had hyperuricosuria, 68.3 percent had a low urinary citrate and 44.4 percent had low urinary magnesium. Conclusions: in this sample, there is a strong association of nephrolithiasis with low levels of crystallization inhibitors in special with urinary citrate, a crystallization inhibitor
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Urinary Calculi/metabolism , Purines/metabolism , Urography , Case-Control Studies , Calcium/metabolism , Urinary Calculi/physiopathology , Crystallization , Spectrophotometry, Atomic/methods , Feeding BehaviorABSTRACT
A cross sectional study was carried out in Sharkia Governorate which involved estimation of serum uric acid in 196 individuals [125 from El-Abassa Village and 71 from the city of Zagazig]. Males above age of 15 years were found to have higher, serum uric acid levels than females both in urban and rural areas. Urban population as a whole showed higher serum uric acid level than villagers. Also those eating higher animal protein, obese subjects as well as hypertensive patients showed significant higher serum uric acid level than the others. On the other hand, no significant difference with social class, level of education, smoking habit and using of contraceptive pills
Subject(s)
Blood Chemical Analysis , Purines/metabolismABSTRACT
Se estudia el metabolismo purínico en 64 mujeres, 48 embarazadas y 16 no embarazadas. Los resultados se confrontaron estadísticamente y se concluye que: no se observa actividad de guanasa, a diferencia del suero, en saliva de mujeres embarazadas o no embarazadas. Las oxipurinas, xantina + hipoxantina, salivales, aumentan progresivamente durante el embarazo, siendo los valores más significativos en el 3er. trimestre. El ácido úrico sérico y salival, y la xantina oxidasa salival, disminuyen progresivamente durante la gestación, observando los valores más significativos en el 3er. trimestre. Se establecen los valores normales de xantina oxidasa, oxipurinas y ácido úrico en la saliva de las mujeres estudiadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Saliva/analysis , Uric Acid/analysis , Guanine Deaminase/analysis , Hypoxanthines/analysis , Philippines , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimesters , Purines/metabolism , Xanthine Oxidase/analysis , Xanthines/analysisABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso anátomo-clínico de Gota en un paciente de 1 mes y medio de edad, cuyo diagnóstico, confirmado por la autopsia, no fue sospechado durante su evolución. Son muy pocos los casos publicados a tan corta edad y puede concluirse que se trata de un caso excepcional de interés pediátrico